مطالعات باستان شناسی

یک تاریخچۀ لایه‌نگاری از سرگذشت دروازۀ پردیس پارسه در تل آجری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

علیرضا عسکری چاوردی 1
پی یرفرانچسکو کالیری 2

1 گروه تاریخ، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران (نویسندۀ مسئول).

2 گروه میراث‌فرهنگی، دانشکدۀ باستان‌شناسی و تاریخ هنر آسیای مرکزی و هند، دانشگاه بولونیا، ایتالیا.

10.22059/jarcs.2026.416545.143422
چکیده
بنای مکشوفه در محوطۀ باستانی تل آجری در سه کیلومتری شمال‌غربی تخت‌جمشید طی 13فصل کاوش به استناد کتیبه‌های مکشوفه و کاربری آن به‌عنوان دروازه‌ای همتای دروازۀ ایشتار بابل شناخته شد. لایه‌نگاری این بنا دورۀ قبل از ساخت بنا(0) ساخت دروازه (دورۀ 1)، زمان ترک‌شدن بنا (دورۀ 2)؛ سکونت مجدد در مقیاس محلّی (دورۀ 3)؛ غارت و نابودی با منشأ انسانی و طبیعی؛ زلزله (دورۀ 4)، و غارت آجرهای بنا در سده‌های میانۀ اسلامی: دورۀ سلجوقی (دورۀ 5) و آل‌مظفر (دورۀ 6) را نشان می‌دهد. تاریخ‌گذاری مطلق پنج نمونۀ استخوان از تل آجری با قابلیت پایین اطمینان رادیو کربن برای عصر آهن ایران (800-400 پ.م.) نشان‌دهندۀ احتیاط در پذیرش مطالعات کمّی است. تاریخ‌گذاری نسبی ساخت دروازه، جنبه‌های دیرینه‌نگاری 13آجر نبشته، نَه با شیوۀ نگارش ایلامی و بابلی در کتیبه‌های هخامنشی داریوش اول و جانشینانش، بلکه با نشانه‌های متأخر سنّت دورۀ ایلام نو و بابل نو، قدمت آجرهای لعابدار تل آجری که از نظر فنی به شیوۀ باستانی‌تری نسبت به آجرهای شوش یا تخت‌جمشید تعلق دارد و کارکرد احتمالی نسخه‌ای از دروازۀ ایشتار بابل درنظر گرفت که در تئوری باید به احتمال زیاد در دورۀ سلطنت کوروش و مرتبط با فتح بابل در سال 539پ.م. باشد. تمام عناصر قویاً حکایت از پایه‌گذاری دروازۀ تل آجری قبل از ساخت دژ شاهی تخت‌جمشید توسط داریوش اول، به احتمال در بازۀ زمانی 539 تا 518پ.م. دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تل آجری
گاهنگاری مطلق
لایه‌نگاری
آغازهخامنشی
پارسه
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Stratigraphic Sequence of the Parsa Paradise Gate at Tol-e Ajori

نویسندگان English

Alireza Askari Chaverdi 1
Pierfrancesco Callieri 2
1 Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran (Corresponding Author).
2 Department of Cultural Heritage, Faculty of Archaeology and Art History of Central Asia and India, University of Bologna, Italy.
چکیده English

The discovered ancient monument at the site of Tol-e Ajori, located approximately three km northwest of Persepolis, was identified through thirteen seasons of excavation as a gate building similar to the Ishtar gate of Babylon, based on the discovered palaeographic evidence and its architectural function. The stratigraphy of the monument reveals the following phases: the pre-construction phase (Phase 0), construction of the monument (Phase 1), the abandonment of the monument (Phase 2), secondary occupation (Phase 3), human and natural-induced destruction, including an earthquake (Phase 4), the robbery of the building’s bricks during the Middle Islamic period, specifically in the Seljuk (Phase 5), and Muzaffarid periods (Phase 6). Absolute dating of five bone samples from Tol-e Ajori—yielding low-confidence radiocarbon results for the Iranian Iron Age (800–400 BCE)—suggests caution in accepting quantitative studies. The relative dating of the gate’s construction, the palaeographic characteristics of the thirteen inscribed bricks, which correspond not to the Elamite and Babylonian scripts employed in the Achaemenid royal inscriptions of Darius I and his successors, but rather to the sign forms of the Neo-Elamite and Neo-Babylonian periods, the glazed bricks from Tol-e Ajori, which are technically more archaic than those from Susa or Persepolis, and the building’s probable function as a replica of the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, all suggest that the monument should most likely be dated to the reign of Cyrus the Great and associated with the conquest of Babylon in 539 BCE. Accordingly, all the evidence strongly suggests that the Tol-e Ajori gateway was founded before the construction of Persepolis by Darius I, most likely within the period between 539 and 518 BCE.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Tol-e Ajori
Absolute Dating
Relative Chronology
Stratigraphy
Early Achaemenid
Parsa
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  • تاریخ دریافت 23 تیر 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 11 مهر 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 15 آبان 1405

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