Journal of Archaeological Studies

The Analysis of Settlement Patterns of Iron Age in Piranshahr Plain Relying on Geographic Information System (GIS)

Obaidollah Sorkhabi; reza rezaloo; KARIM HAJIZADEH

Volume 13, Issue 4 , September 2022, , Pages 97-115

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2021.257545.142564

Abstract

Interpretation of human’s old behaviors in the past and paying attention to complex and interactive processes between humans and the environment to be understood in terms of their ... Read More Interpretation of human’s old behaviors in the past and paying attention to complex and interactive processes between humans and the environment to be understood in terms of their dependence on the components of the natural and ecological environment is the center of modern archaeology’s attention. Archaeological surveys and analysis of settlement patterns are considered well-known methods in archaeology to help identify these interactive processes.With the studies of the Archaeological Board of the University of Pennsylvania on Hasanlu Hill and the Sandus Plain, the southern basin of Lake Urmia became one of the most important archaeological sites and a basis for chronology in northwestern Iran. Meanwhile, Piranshahr plain on one hand due to its proximity toHasanlu area in the north and Rabat area in the south and on the other hand due to the neighborhood of this area with great powers such as Assyria, Urartu and Mana in the first half of the first millennium BC, Is one of the important areas in terms of archaeological studies of the Iron Age in northwestern Iran. This study examined the Piranshahr plain, assuming that the Iron Age settlements of the Piranshahr plain follow a specific settlement pattern. In this research, using field and library studies and geographical analysis models, a methodical and appropriate interpretation of the distribution of Iron Age areas and the first millennium BCPiranshahr plain was presented. Studies have shown that the Iron Age settlements in the region are most affected by two geographical factors, altitude from sea surface and access to rivers, and this has led to the creation of linear networks in the course of rivers resulting to a suitable choice of height relating to the plain. It was also found that the Iron Age settlements of this plain, following the shape of the roughness and natural geography of the region in the first half of the first millennium BC, by creating a specific settlement hierarchy, tended to form an independent local political unit. The existence of this political unit in modern Assyrian writings as Xubuskie could be identified.

The study of glassware during 1-6 centuries Hegmataneh and Bu-Ali Sina museums of Hamadan

Fereshteh sharifi; Mohammadebrahim zarei

Volume 12, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 107-123

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2019.267992.142633

Abstract

Abstract The manufacture of glassware was one of the historical knowledge and technics of pre-Islamic era of Iran, that was continued during Islamic periods. This research is ... Read More

Classification, Typology and Chronology of Iron Age Pottery at the Site of Meydan in Hamadan

Mohammad Shabani; Mohammad ebrahim Zarei; Kazem Mollazadeh

Volume 15, Issue 1 , April 2023, , Pages 107-132

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2023.341348.143105

Abstract

Considering the lack of finds dating to the Median and Achaemenid periods at Hamadan, it is very important to discover evidence from this period in this city. In 2017, during a construction ... Read More Considering the lack of finds dating to the Median and Achaemenid periods at Hamadan, it is very important to discover evidence from this period in this city. In 2017, during a construction operation in Imam Khomeini Square in Hamadan near the site of Hegmataneh/Ecbatana, some historical-era were identified and an emergency excavation led by Mohammad Shabani began. Excavation in this area uncovered three levels: late Islamic, post-Achaemenid and Medo-Achaemenid. Level III, the lowest layer, according to the excavated ceramics, represents the establishment of Iron Age III, or the Median period, which has continued in the Achaemenid period. The pottery of this period, which is classified into Fine, Common/Medium, and Coarse types, appears in the form of subspecies of Buffware, Brownish-Buffware, Grayware, and Cooking ware utensils. The most common vessel forms are bowls and jars. Among the Common types, there are bowls with horizontal handles attached to the edge, as well as bowls with S-shaped edges and jars with clover-shaped spouts. The pottery of this period is remarkably similar to the pottery tradition of Median sites, especially sites such as Godin II, Nush-e Jan, Babajan I-II, and Yelfan Tepe. In some cases, vessels such as bowls with angled and boat-shaped bodies, small simple cups, and jars with triangular rims are also comparable to Achaemenid sites such as Pasargadae and Persepolis, and even Hasanlu III. Based on the comparison of pottery data of this period with sites such as Godin II, Babajan I, and II, the settlement of the third level of Meydan probably began between 7th and 6th centuries BCE and continued until the end of the Achaemenid period. The findings of this period are very important due to the great ambiguities and challenges related to the Median and Achaemenid settlement of Hamadan and also the lack of identification of layers and cultural materials dating to this period, even after a century of archaeological excavations in this city.

Reading the Archaeological Landscape through Contemporary Perception (a Case Study of Ozbeki Tepe)

Fatemeh Heidari; Homa Irani Behbahani; Bahman Firuzmandy Shirehjin

Volume 16, Issue 1 , February 2024, , Pages 109-130

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2021.315621.142968

Abstract

The living environment of today is the outcome of the relationships between the people who have lived in it and nature, from the time of the emergence of the human species on Earth ... Read More The living environment of today is the outcome of the relationships between the people who have lived in it and nature, from the time of the emergence of the human species on Earth to the present day. Human activities and the changes resulting from them in the context of place have taken place under the influence of beliefs, needs, and natural restraining and reinforcing factors, and with the change of generations and climate change have taken on various forms, the remnants of which we are witnessing today. The current landscape, which bears the marks of the past, is called the archaeological landscape, which is the result of the combination of objective and subjective elements. The objective part is the archaeological remains, but the subjective part includes the relationships between societies, culture, and its changes, which are often overlooked; however, this often-overlooked part has been very dynamic and has played a significant role in shaping the existing objectivity. This paper attempts to present a method for reading the archaeological landscape in the perception of the contemporary human being through the archaeological landscape phenomenology. The phenomenology of the landscape requires a comprehensive approach in which we pay close attention to "nature" and "culture”, to places with and without evidence of change or human activity. By considering the hierarchy of historical-cultural events and the objectivity that remains from them, as well as the connection of the people who lived there with the surrounding natural environment, this method provides a reading that, in addition to emphasizing the protection of ancient objective structures, preserves the continuity of these landscapes with their context and transforms the archaeological landscape from mere protection to a dynamic and interactive landscape with contemporary humans. Therefore, understanding the evolution of archaeological landscapes and their values is of fundamental importance for conservation and planning strategies. These landscapes possess inherent natural and cultural values, which necessitate the integration of objective and subjective aspects into methods for their conservation and presentation

Description, Classification and Typology of the Excavated Parthian Pottery from the Second Seasons of Qal’eh-i Yazdigird’s Excavations

Alireza Khosrowzadeh; Naser Nowruz Zadeh Chegini; Samer Nazari

Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2020, , Pages 117-137

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2020.266797.142620

Abstract

Pottery -as the most prominent archaeological material- has a great role in reconstruction of regional and transregional interactions. So identification of the pottery assemblages of ... Read More Pottery -as the most prominent archaeological material- has a great role in reconstruction of regional and transregional interactions. So identification of the pottery assemblages of each cultural periods is very important. A few archaeological sites related to the Parthian period have been excavated in western Iran. Therefore, due to the lack of enough ceramic collections to identify and distinguish the pottery of this period, recognition of Parthian sites in western Iran encounter with some problems. So, it's necessary to present a precise dated collection of the Parthian pottery in order to have a better understanding of regional changes in this period. One of the most important sites in western Iran is Qal'eh-i Yazdigird, which has been excavated recently. Describing the pottery forms of this region, could be helpful in the regional pottery studies, as well as relative chronology in the Parthian life world. Pottery is the most prominent archaeological material which has a great role in reconstruction of regional and interregional interactions. So, identification of the pottery assemblages of each cultural period is very important to clarify their chronology and their technological significance. So far, few archaeological sites related to the Parthian period have been excavated in western Iran. Therefore, due to the lack of ceramic collections to identify and distinguish the pottery of this period, recognition of Parthian sites in western Iran encounters some problems. So, it is necessary to present a precise dated collection of the Parthian pottery in order to have a better understanding of their regional changes in this period. One of the most important sites in western Iran is Qal’eh-i Yazdigird, which has been excavated recently. Describing the pottery forms of this region could be helpful in the regional pottery studies, as well as for relative chronology in the Parthian world. According to the excavated pottery, three types have been reported, including clinky, glazed and common wares. Comparative studies on the pottery suggest most of them have been made locally, but some are probably from other sites and show cultural-commercial relationships between this site and other contemporary settlements during the Parthian. On the basis of forms and technical characteristics, it seems that the pottery belonging to the late Parthian period can be classified into two types of ordinary pottery and semi-precise ceramics. In addition to the pottery, other archaeological findings, such as building units, are very useful in our study to reconstruct the chronology of site.

Restoration of Folk Murals of Shia’s Religion in Iran: The Influences of the Expectations of their Public Audiences and the Preference of the Values of these Paintings on the Process of Reconstruction

reihaneh ghasemabadi; Hossein Ahmadi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , September 2022, , Pages 117-140

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2021.308101.142915

Abstract

Murals of Shia’s history from the late Safavid period and its culmination from the Qajar period onwards as the historical religious culture of the public in religious historical ... Read More Murals of Shia’s history from the late Safavid period and its culmination from the Qajar period onwards as the historical religious culture of the public in religious historical sites to this day by continuity of use, cause the emergence of a special attitude to the outstanding features of these paintings and the expectations of their general audience in the restoration. The majority of the murals of such buildings were based on Shiite religion traditions. Overall, the combination of a number of factors namely the significance of the values that have made a connection with the target audience of the heritages in use and the focus on their perception in the last decades, led to this study to pursue this goal to investigate the effects of the characteristics of folk-art paintings in Iran and the needs of their audiences, on their perception of the narrative during the reconstruction. This research has been done due to the development of value-based approaches in the restoration’s contemporary theory at the international level and the importance of the sociological issue of audiences, and the lack of academic research in this field in Iran. This article used purposeful and semi-structured interview techniques with 13 experts and library studies in a qualitative method and performed the analysis with the Colaizzi phenomenological approach by categorizing the interviews. The findings led to the achievement of 6 auxiliary categories and 11 subcategories, that auxiliary categories as factors affecting the reconstruction of the loss of religious-narrative folk murals based on value preference and the expectations of their general audience are:1)the place of special values of folk-art paintings of Shia’s history, 2)factors affecting the perception of public audiences 3)factors affecting the mental retelling of public audiences 4)definition of target audiences(stakeholders),5)the expectations of the public audience from reading the images of historical-religious narratives, and 6)the expectations of the public audience from the restoration and reconstruction of the paintings;

The Study of Chemical Composition of Persian Glass Vessels of the Early Islamic Centuries (10th -11th centuries AD) by micro-PIXE Case Study: Islamic Collection in Iran National Museum

navid salehvand; arman shishegar; bahman firuzmandi shirejini; Davoud AghaAligol

Volume 12, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 125-146

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2019.243957.142489

Abstract

Elemental analysis and chemical composition of ancient glasses are widely used to determine the glass type, technique and raw materials used in their production and recipes. The results ... Read More

A Typological Investigation of Ground Stone from Tol-e Chega Sofla, a Middle Susiana Period

Abdulwahab Dahdouh; Abbas Moghaddam; Nasir Eskandari

Volume 16, Issue 1 , February 2024, , Pages 131-154

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2023.355732.143185

Abstract

The Middle Susiana period in southwestern Iran has several characteristics, the most important of which are the development of agriculture and animal husbandry alongside growing numbers ... Read More

Esfanjerd, A Buried Ancient City in the Majumerd Dunes, Yazd Province

Mohamad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi; Samira Abedi; Seyyed Jalal Hashemi Majomerd

Volume 15, Issue 1 , April 2023, , Pages 133-160

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2023.353049.143174

Abstract

The arid desert climate of Yazd province, with its endless flowing sand dunes, has led to the creation of special conditions for human settlements in this part of Iran. Throughout history, ... Read More

An Historical and Archaeological Approach to the Islamic Site of Anda-jin

mostafa rezaei; maryam mohammadi

Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2020, , Pages 139-159

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2020.261673.142595

Abstract

The Islamic site of Anda-jin is one of the most prominent and extensive sites from the Islamic period of Hamadan-Bahar plain, located 8 kilometers north of Hamadan in the fertile Quraq ... Read More

A Typology of Genre of Luristan Ware, Based on New Archaeological Survays in Luristan

Alireza goudarzi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , September 2022, , Pages 141-160

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2019.282333.142723

Abstract

The genre of Luristan ware, which was first emerged in the early first millennium BC, was distributed in the Pish-Koh region. The typology of this ware was not clear because of the ... Read More

Chemical study of Bronze Age and Iron Age potteries of Sagzabad Tepe

Rozıta Salehı nezamı; Hassan Fazeli nashli; omid oudbashi

Volume 12, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 147-164

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2020.272487.142666

Abstract

Pottery is one of the cultural evidences that its developments in different times are important archaeological indicators. Pottery can be viewed from different aspects. Appearance features ... Read More

A Preliminary Study of Sasanian Bullae Held in the Shahrood Museum

AbbasAli Rezaeinia

Volume 16, Issue 1 , February 2024, , Pages 155-183

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2024.359374.143208

Abstract

The Shahrood Museum holds 32 Sasanian clay bullae that were confiscated in 2005. These bullae hold invaluable information, contributing substantially to our understanding of Sasanian ... Read More

A Survey on Motifs and Inscriptions of Sassanid Seals from Buali Museum

Fariba Sharifian; Katayoun Fekripour; Azadeh Heidarpour

Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2020, , Pages 161-178

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2020.260783.142591

Abstract

Seals are one of the most important archaeological findings that provide reliable information about geographical names and job positions of the past. During Sasanian period seals were ... Read More

Recognition of Sassanid Takht-i-Nishin (Throne Room) in the Middle of Ardeshir Khorra City; A Proposition of a Temple of Anahita and Fire Chartaqi in the Continuation of Previous Traditions

Hamed Mohammadpour; Elham ANDAROODI; Mohammad Hasan Talebian

Volume 13, Issue 4 , September 2022, , Pages 161-187

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2020.282253.142722

Abstract

In the middle of the city of Ardeshir Khoreh (the city of Gur), there is a rectangular tower, a circular structures, as well as a fort and a circular moat, which are considered to be ... Read More In the middle of the city of Ardeshir Khoreh (the city of Gur), there is a rectangular tower, a circular structures, as well as a fort and a circular moat, which are considered to be the most prominent structures of this city; But in the northeastern part of the city of Ardeshir Khoreh, a place called "Takht-i-Nishin" (throne room) remains in the form of a platform of heavy dressed stone and a hollow or pit in the form of a reservoir, which has been studied by different scholars from the early centuries of Islam until now. However, there are still differing views on this complex; For example, the four-arched structure located on a flat platform is called by the names of Atashgah, Qasr, Tarbal, Atashkadeh, Dekan, Atashkhaneh, Kooshak, Irankiakhareh, Ivan, Dekeh, Irangardeh, palace, mansion, tower, house, and ziggurat. In addition, the reservoir next to the platform is also called Cheshmeh, Ghadir, Hoz Ab (water pool), AbAnbar (water reservoir) and Abnama (fountain). Therefore, attributing various names to this complex indicates the ambiguity in the nature of the constructions. The demolition the complex’s most buildings and the coverage of its remains bu rubbles over time, has caused less attention to this building in various documents and sources. Therefore, by interpreting the different views that exist around the structures of this building, this study aims to recognize the function of the Takht-i-Nishin complex, how the spaces are related and why it was built in the middle of the city of Ardeshir Khoreh. In order to achieve this goal, the interpretive-historical method have been used and library resources such as archaeological reports and historical documents were studied. Also, more accurate and up-to-date information was obtained through field visits and surveys, which paved the way for research. Then, by physical and spatial analysis of similar buildings such as the Anahita temple in Bishapour, a comparative comparison of the combination of four arched structure or Chartaqi and the water basin in the middle of Ardeshir Khoreh city has been conducted. As a result, the research findings show that the building on the platform is in the form of a cruciform hall with a four arched pattern and is located in an adjacent bed overlooking the man-made pond in the middle of the city of Ardeshir Khoreh. According to Ibn Balkhi, and the remains of debris visible on the ground, there was probably a similar quadrangle in front of the second basin or behind the available one. Hence, these Chartaqi, as a continuous fireplace connected to the water basin, have created a structure that shows a common pattern in the formation of Sassanid period religious collections related to water and sacred fire. The findings indicate that it can be a place of worship for the goddess Anahita in a ritual complex by being located next to the holy water pool and fire place

Reflection of Zaydi Shia Beliefs on Alid Coins of Tabaristan

Fatemeh Gholizadeh; Hasan Karimian; Javad Neyestani

Volume 15, Issue 1 , April 2023, , Pages 161-182

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2021.293180.142809

Abstract

The migration of Alid’s Sadat to Tabaristan and Daylam that was the result of pressure of the Abbasid caliphs, along with the subsequent uprising of Yahya bin Abdullah in Daylam ... Read More

Analytical and Survey of Mythological animal images origin over the Sasanin Art period (With Emphasis on Rock Relief and filet and Seal )

nafiseh sedaghat; gholamali hatam; aliasghar mirfatah; reza shabanisamghabadi

Volume 12, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 165-186

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2020.258200.142572

Abstract

During the Sassanid period, countless artworks have been created by artists that include types of motifs The study of animal designs two forms 1- Real animals 2- Mythical and mixed ... Read More

A Survey of Three new finding of Sassanids Silver Vessels from Mazandaran

Mehdi Abedini Araghi; Abdul Reza Mohajeri Nejad; Mohammad Mortezaei

Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2020, , Pages 179-198

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2020.266204.142618

Abstract

The silverware works of the Sassanid period have their own significance not only for their technological components but also because their archaeological distribution reveals how this ... Read More

Research and Analysis of the Parthian Settlement Pattern in the West Plain of Urmia Lake, Based on Geographic Information System (GIS)

Farangis Mirzaie Damirchi; Alireza Hejebri Nobari; Seyed Mehdi Mousavi Kouhpar

Volume 15, Issue 1 , April 2023, , Pages 183-212

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2019.288384.142777

Abstract

Nowadays, Archaeologists use spatial analysis of environmental data and archaeological field findings to clarify the patterns relating to the scattering of ancient settlements and their ... Read More

Systematic Survey and Site Formation Process of Khaneh-sar 1, a Paleolitic site in eastern Mazandaran

Hosein Ramzanpour; Kamaleddin Niknami; Sajjad Alibaigi

Volume 16, Issue 1 , February 2024, , Pages 185-205

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2021.322540.143010

Abstract

The archaeological site of Khaneh-sar 1 represents a geological facies comprising Pleistocene deposits situated southeast of the Caspian Sea, approximately 700 meters east of Komishan ... Read More

An analysis on the political history of Indo-Parthian kingdom

tahere azizipoor

Volume 12, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 187-203

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2020.277123.142690

Abstract

Archaeologically, and historically Indo Parthian kingdoms is not a well-known for us they have not has been mentioned in mythological history and in the historical resources of early ... Read More

Introduction and Analysis of the Architecture of the Tomb of Sultan Ibrahim Reza in Darmian City and Reading the Relics of its Historical Writings

Ali asqar Mahmoodinasab; Seyyed rasool Mousavi Haji; abed taghavi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , September 2022, , Pages 189-213

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2021.280274.142706

Abstract

The study of Islamic Period buildings in Iran proves the presence of countless religious and non-religious tombs that are scattered in most parts of this border and region. As one of ... Read More

The Geographical and Cultural Boundaries of Central Zagros and Central Plateau of Iran

Abbas Motarjem; Rouhollah Yousefi Zoshk; Majid Zeyghami

Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2020, , Pages 199-220

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2020.264896.142611

Abstract

The different environmental features of the Central Iranian Plateau and the Central Zagros region, including the type of access to hydrological resources adjacent to the climatically ... Read More

Archaeological/Archaeometric study by Using PIXE-Analyses on the Provenance and Production of the Luster Wares from the Underground Complex of Tappeh Ghaleh, Khomein, Iran

majid montazer zohouri; mohammad torkiha; hesam taheri

Volume 12, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 205-224

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2020.288850.142778

Abstract

Archaeologically, analytical research of chemical elements on ancient objects gives important information on the raw materials and the production techniques. PIXE analysis is one of ... Read More

Archaeological Survey of the Water Supply System and Water Cycle at the ʿĀli Qāpu Palace of Isfahan

Elahe Rouhollahi; Ali Shojaee Esfahani; Saeed Ghaseminezhad

Volume 16, Issue 1 , February 2024, , Pages 207-230

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2023.360435.143214

Abstract

The Āli Qāpu Palace, one of the grand constructions erected during the Safavid period (907-1135 AH) in Isfahan, stands out as one of the most renowned architectural marvels of its ... Read More

Volume 16 (2024)

Volume 15 (2023)

Volume 14 (2022)

Volume 13 (2021)

Volume 12 (2020)

Volume 11 (2019)

Volume 10 (2018)

Volume 9 (2017)

Volume 8 (2016)

Volume 7 (2015)

Volume 6 (2014)

Volume 5 (2013)

Volume 4 (2012)

Volume 3 (2011)

Volume 1 (2009)

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