نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشجوی دکتری باستان‌شناسی خاور نزدیک، دانشگاه گوته فرانکفورت

چکیده

در هزارۀ چهارم پیش از میلاد، با پیچیده­تر شدن جوامع و شکل­گیری فرهنگ اروک و مکانیسم­های پیچیده اقتصادی و اجتماعی میان جوامع اروکی و جوامع هم­زمان این فرهنگ، با شکل متفاوتی از تعاملات فرهنگی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و اقتصادی در جنوب و شمال بین­النهرین تا آناتولی و سوریه مواجه می­شویم. مکانیسم­های دقیق این پراکنش و چگونگی تأثیر‌ و ‌تأثرات بین‌فرهنگی در این دوره، باوجود مطرح‌شدن فرضیه­های متفاوت، همچنان در پرده­ای از ابهام باقیمانده است. از طرف دیگر، هم­زمان با فاز انتهایی گسترش این فرهنگ در مناطق شمالی­تر، سنت فرهنگی کوراـارس در منطقه­ی قفقاز با ساز‌وکار متفاوتی در بخش دیگری از خاورمیانه به­خصوص ایران شـروع به پراکـنش می­کند. در این مـیان، در بخش­هایی از حوضه­های جغرافیایی مانند شرق آناتولی و غرب ایران، در بعضی از محوطه­ها ما با برهم­کنش این دو فرهنگ با هم مواجه می­شویم. بررسی سازوکار پراکنش فرهنگ اروک و چگونگی تعامل این فرهنگ با سنت فرهنگی کوراـارس در این حوضه­های برهم­کنش به­ویژه در ایران، موضوعی است که در این مقاله به آن پرداخته شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Distribution of Uruk Material Culture and it's Cultural and Political Interplay with Kura-Araxes Tradition

نویسنده [English]

  • Sepideh Maziar

Goethe University of Frankfurt

چکیده [English]

In the fourth Millennium BC, as the societies became more complex and with the formation of Uruk culture and the sophisticated social and economic mechanisms behind it, we are confronted with the different forms of cultural, social, political, and economic interactions among societies in the southern and northern Mesopotamia as far as Anatolia and Syria. Despite varied hypothesis, the precise mechanism of Uruk material dispersal and the intercultural impacts or influences in this period are still unknown to us. On the other hand, contemporary with the final phase of the distribution of Uruk period’s material in Syria and Anatolia, another waves of movements with different mechanism were happening in the southern Caucasus and northwestern Iran. Interestingly, between theses waves of movements, in some geographical spots such as eastern Anatolia or western Iran, the interaction or collide of theses traditions are demonstrated. Study and examination of the dissemination mechanism of Uruk culture, and its interaction with Kura-Araxes cultural tradition in theses interaction spheres are the issues that we address in this article.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Uruk
  • Networks
  • Kura-Araxes cultural tradition
  • cultural interaction
  • decline of Uruk system
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