نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشجوی دکتری باستانشناسی خاور نزدیک، دانشگاه گوته فرانکفورت
چکیده
در هزارۀ چهارم پیش از میلاد، با پیچیدهتر شدن جوامع و شکلگیری فرهنگ اروک و مکانیسمهای پیچیده اقتصادی و اجتماعی میان جوامع اروکی و جوامع همزمان این فرهنگ، با شکل متفاوتی از تعاملات فرهنگی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و اقتصادی در جنوب و شمال بینالنهرین تا آناتولی و سوریه مواجه میشویم. مکانیسمهای دقیق این پراکنش و چگونگی تأثیر و تأثرات بین‌فرهنگی در این دوره، باوجود مطرح‌شدن فرضیههای متفاوت، همچنان در پردهای از ابهام باقیمانده است. از طرف دیگر، همزمان با فاز انتهایی گسترش این فرهنگ در مناطق شمالیتر، سنت فرهنگی کوراـارس در منطقهی قفقاز با سازوکار متفاوتی در بخش دیگری از خاورمیانه بهخصوص ایران شـروع به پراکـنش میکند. در این مـیان، در بخشهایی از حوضههای جغرافیایی مانند شرق آناتولی و غرب ایران، در بعضی از محوطهها ما با برهمکنش این دو فرهنگ با هم مواجه میشویم. بررسی سازوکار پراکنش فرهنگ اروک و چگونگی تعامل این فرهنگ با سنت فرهنگی کوراـارس در این حوضههای برهمکنش بهویژه در ایران، موضوعی است که در این مقاله به آن پرداخته شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Distribution of Uruk Material Culture and it's Cultural and Political Interplay with Kura-Araxes Tradition
نویسنده [English]
- Sepideh Maziar
Goethe University of Frankfurt
چکیده [English]
In the fourth Millennium BC, as the societies became more complex and with the formation of Uruk culture and the sophisticated social and economic mechanisms behind it, we are confronted with the different forms of cultural, social, political, and economic interactions among societies in the southern and northern Mesopotamia as far as Anatolia and Syria. Despite varied hypothesis, the precise mechanism of Uruk material dispersal and the intercultural impacts or influences in this period are still unknown to us. On the other hand, contemporary with the final phase of the distribution of Uruk period’s material in Syria and Anatolia, another waves of movements with different mechanism were happening in the southern Caucasus and northwestern Iran. Interestingly, between theses waves of movements, in some geographical spots such as eastern Anatolia or western Iran, the interaction or collide of theses traditions are demonstrated. Study and examination of the dissemination mechanism of Uruk culture, and its interaction with Kura-Araxes cultural tradition in theses interaction spheres are the issues that we address in this article.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Uruk
- Networks
- Kura-Araxes cultural tradition
- cultural interaction
- decline of Uruk system
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