باستان شناسی منطقه قره داغ؛ گزارش مقدماتی بررسی محوطه های دوران مفرغ و آهن شهرستان ورزقان

ناصری صومعه, حسین; هژبری نوبری, علیرضا; کنیار, ارکان

doi:10.22059/jarcs.2019.284880.142749

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکتری گروه باستان شناسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

² استاد گروه باستان شناسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

³ دانشیار گروه باستان شناسی دانشگاه استانبول، استانبول، ترکیه

https://doi.org/10.22059/jarcs.2019.284880.142749

چکیده

فعالیت های باستان شناختی منطقه قرهداغ (ارسباران) با هدف ترسیم چشم‌انداز بلندمدت علمی و درک جایگاه باستان شناسی منطقه، در جهت تبیین اوضاع سیاسی- اجتماعی و ارزیابی تحولات و جریانات فرهنگی و شناسایی مسیرهای ارتباطی شمال آذربایجان در دورههای مفرغ و آهن، با اتکا بر روش‌های میدانی انجام می گیرد. اولین فصل این پروژه در سال 1396 به شناسایی محوطههای مفرغ و آهن شهرستان ورزقان اختصاص یافت. منطقه مورد بررسی دارای وسعت تقریبی 2368 کیلومترمربع بوده و در منتهی الیه غربی منطقه قره داغ قرار دارد. با نظر به توپوگرافی منطقه، دره های میان کوهی غرب ورزقان دروازه ورود به قره داغ شمرده‌شده و به عبارتی گذرگاه طبیعی غرب به شرق محسوب می گردد که با توجه به مسیر حک کتیبه های اورارتویی، به نظر هجوم اورارتوها در قرن هشتم ق.م به منطقه نیز از این گذرگاه صورت گرفته است. لذا به‌روشنی آشکار است که منطقه از نظر پتانسیل های محیطی، جغرافیایی و امنیتی نیز قابل‌توجه و دارای اهمیت است. طی این بررسی 143 محوطه از دوران مفرغ قدیم تا آهن III در منطقه شناسایی گردید که از اهداف مهم این بررسی می توان به ثبت تحولات در گذر از هر دوره به دوره دیگر در رابطه با نوسانات جمعیتی، الگوی مکانگزینی و استقرار، شیوه معیشت و روش تدفین اشاره کرد. طبق این شواهد، تعداد استقرارها در دوره مفرغ قدیم در منطقه بسیار محدود و ضعیف است. با فروپاشی جوامع نیمه کشاورز دوران مفرغ قدیم، زندگی عشایری به‌صورت محدود در دوره مفرغ میانی شکل می گیرد. در اواخر دوره مفرغ میانی، مجدداً با شکل گیری جوامع یکجانشین، شاهد افزایش جمعیت منطقه و به وجود آمدن پیچیدگی های اجتماعی طی دوره مفرغ جدید تا آهن II هستیم که در پی آن، یک نوع جامعه طبقاتی اولیه، تحت مدیریت حاکمان کوچک محلی شکل می گیرد. در نهایت طبق منابع مکتوب در منطقه، با هجوم قدرت های نظامی همسایه (اورارتوها) به منطقه، جوامع دوره آهن فروپاشیده و در ظاهر تعداد محوطه ها کاهش می یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Archaeology of Qara Dagh: Preliminary Report of the Survey of the Bronze and Iron Age Sites in Varzeqan Region (Iranian Azerbaijan)

نویسندگان [English]

Hossein Naseri Someeh ¹
Alireza Hejebri Nobari ²
Erkan Konyar ³

¹ Ph.D. in Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Archaeology. Tehran, Iran.

² Professor in Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Archaeology, Tehran, Iran.

³ Associate Professor in Istanbul University, Department of Ancient History, Istanbul, Turkey.

چکیده [English]

Archaeological studies in the region of Qara Dagh (or Arasbaran) are of particular importance due to the fact that this region is located in the area between East-West (Iranian) Azerbaijan and Iran-Anatolian Plateau, as well as north to south of Caucasus-Iran. Archaeological activities in Qara Dagh are often aimed at conducting systematic research to explain the socio-political situations, investigate the cultural-technological currents and changes, explore the connecting and commercial routes of Northern region of Azerbaijan during the Bronze and Iron ages, outline the long-term scientific landscape, and also to understand the archaeological status of the region, relying on field and laboratory methods. The first season of this project, in 2017, dealt with identification of the Bronze and Iron Age sites of Varzeqan city. During the present survey, have been recorded 143 sites from the early Bronze Age to the Iron Age III in the region; and from the most important results of this survey, the changes recorded during the transitions from each period to the next period in relation to demographic changes, settlement patterns and location selecting, evaluating the landscape and natural resources in order to be aware of food networks and economic systems, studying the ecology of the region, livelihood approaches and burial methods can be mentioned. According to this evidence, settlements have been very limited in the region during the early Bronze Age. With the collapse of semi-farmer communities in the early Bronze Age, nomadic life was limitedly formed in the middle of the Bronze Age. In the late of Middle Bronze Age, once again, with the formation of sedentary communities, an increase in the population of the region and the emergence of social complexities are seen during the late Bronze Age to the Iron Age II, followed by the establishment of a primitive class society which was formed under the administration of local small rulers

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Qara Dagh
Varzeqan
Archaeological survey
Bronze Age
Iron Age

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مطالعات باستان شناسی

باستان شناسی منطقه قره داغ؛ گزارش مقدماتی بررسی محوطه های دوران مفرغ و آهن شهرستان ورزقان

مراجع

مراجع

Naseri Someeh, H., Firouzmandi, B., Saadati, M. 2015, Archaeological Investigation of Göyce Qala: An Urartuian Castle in Maragheh Plain, Northwestern Iran. Journal of Archaeological Studies, 7(1), 147-165. [In Persian].

Naseri Someeh, H. 2020. Analysis of Socio-Political Situation and Cultural actions of Qara Dagh (Arasbaran) district in the Late Bronze and Iron Age According to archaeological studies in Fortifications of the Varzeqan Area”. Ph.D. thesis. Tehran: Tarbiat Modarres University. [In Persian].

Naseri Someeh, H., Hejebri Nobari, A., Bakhtiari, S. 2020. Study and Estimation of Population Fluctuations of Bronze Age Settlements of Varzeqan Based on Ethno-archaeological Studies. Journal of Population Association of Iran, 15(29), pp: 331-360.

Naseri Someeh, H., Hejebri Nobari, A. & Niknami, K. 2021. Perspectives on the Structural Typology of The Late Bronze-Iron age Graves in Iranian Azerbaijan. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, 0 (29), 95-110.

Niknami, K. and Kazempour, M. 2011. A Priliminary Report on the First Season of Excavations at Zardkhaneh Ahar. Upublished report prepared for ICHHTO. [In Persian].

دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 28
اسفند 1400
صفحه 283-306

باستان شناسی منطقه قره داغ؛ گزارش مقدماتی بررسی محوطه های دوران مفرغ و آهن شهرستان ورزقان

مراجع

مراجع

Naseri Someeh, H., Firouzmandi, B., Saadati, M. 2015, Archaeological Investigation of Göyce Qala: An Urartuian Castle in Maragheh Plain, Northwestern Iran. Journal of Archaeological Studies, 7(1), 147-165. [In Persian].

Naseri Someeh, H. 2020. Analysis of Socio-Political Situation and Cultural actions of Qara Dagh (Arasbaran) district in the Late Bronze and Iron Age According to archaeological studies in Fortifications of the Varzeqan Area”. Ph.D. thesis. Tehran: Tarbiat Modarres University. [In Persian].

Naseri Someeh, H., Hejebri Nobari, A., Bakhtiari, S. 2020. Study and Estimation of Population Fluctuations of Bronze Age Settlements of Varzeqan Based on Ethno-archaeological Studies. Journal of Population Association of Iran, 15(29), pp: 331-360.

Naseri Someeh, H., Hejebri Nobari, A. & Niknami, K. 2021. Perspectives on the Structural Typology of The Late Bronze-Iron age Graves in Iranian Azerbaijan. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, 0 (29), 95-110.

Niknami, K. and Kazempour, M. 2011. A Priliminary Report on the First Season of Excavations at Zardkhaneh Ahar. Upublished report prepared for ICHHTO. [In Persian].

دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 28اسفند 1400صفحه 283-306

دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 28
اسفند 1400
صفحه 283-306