نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• میثم لباف‌خانیکی ¹
• محمد فرجامی ²
• احمد حیدری ³

¹ استادیار گروه باستان‌شناسی دانشگاه تهران، ایران.

² دانشجوی دکتری باستان‌شناسی گرایش دوران تاریخی دانشگاه تهران، ایران.

³ استادیار گروه هنر و معماری، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

مجموعه مصنوعات سفالی هر منطقه در برگیرنده مفاهیم و اطلاعاتی ارزشمند از شرایط مختلف زندگی مردمان و تعاملات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی بین گروه‌های انسانی است. گام نخست در تحلیل سفالینه‌های مناطق مختلف، شناخت ویژگی‌های شاخص و بررسی گونه‌های مرسوم در هر منطقه‌ است. سفال‌های اشکانی-ساسانی شرق ایران شامل گونه‌های شاخصی است که از یک‌سو تعاملات فرامنطقه‌ای و از سوی دیگر تداوم سنت‌های محلی را روایت می‌کنند. مطالعۀ تطبیقی سفال‌های شاخص اشکانی- ساسانی که از سیستان و جنوب خراسان به‌دست آمده‌اند، بیانگر ارتباط نزدیکی بین سنت‌های سفالی مناطق مزبور می‌باشند. بر این اساس، موادی که به عنوان آمیزه در خمیرۀ سفال‌ها استفاده شده‌اند و نیز شیوۀ تزیین سفال‌های این دو منطقه از شباهت نزدیکی برخوردار می‌باشند. این شباهت را می‌توان همچنین در فرم ظروف سفالی به‌دست‌آمده از نهبندان با آنچه از محوطه‌های تاریخی سیستان به‌دست‌آمده، پیگیری نمود. لازم به  ذکر است کلیۀ سفال‌های مورد مطالعه با استفاده از چرخ تولید شده‌اند و تنها قطعاتی چون دسته، درپوش و یا لوله‌های ظروف سفالی دست ساز می‌باشند. در این میان، سفال‌های نویافته از دشت نه و درۀ چهار فرسخ شهرستان نهبندان مصادیقی بارز از سبک‌ها و شیوه‌های مرسوم در سفالگری شرق ایران در طول دورۀ اشکانی و ساسانی ارائه می‌دهد. مطالعۀ سفال‌های منطقۀ نهبندان نشان می‌دهد که فرایندهای تاریخی دورۀ اشکانی و ساسانی و عبور راه‌های مهمی چون مسیر کهن خراسان- سیستان از این منطقه، تأثیرات مشهودی در شیوۀ ساخت و پرداخت سفال‌های این منطقه داشته است. بر پایۀ نتایج پژوهش حاضر، پاره‌ای از سبک‌های سفالی منطقه نهبندان به تبعیت از الگوهای رایج سفالگری شرق ایران، بومی و محلی بوده و تعداد معتنابهی از سفال‌های مورد بررسی، متأثر از الگوهای سفالی رایج در ایران و قابل مقایسه با مراکز فرهنگی ایرانِ اشکانی-ساسانی است. این واقعیت در بستر رویدادهای تاریخی و جریان‌های فرهنگی دوران اشکانی - ساسانی مفهوم می‌یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• سفال
• دوران اشکانی- ساسانی
• خراسان
• سیستان
• باستان‌شناسی شرق ایران

عنوان مقاله [English]

Local and Regional Styles of Parthian – Sassanian Pottery in the East of Iran Based on the Pottery Sherds from the Nehbandan County (Khorasan-e Jonoubi Province)

نویسندگان [English]

• Meysam Labbaf-Khaniki ¹
• mohammad farjami ²
• Ahmad Heidari ³

¹ Assistant Professor in Archaeology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

² Ph.D Candidate in Historical Archaeology, University of Tehran; Archaeologist, The Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Organization of the South Khorasan Province.

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Art and Architecture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran

چکیده [English]

From the archaeological point of view, pottery contains valuable information about living conditions and economic, social and cultural interactions between peoples who live in a region or beyond in past. Identifying the pottery characteristics and its common styles in the region are the first steps for extracting and analyzing this information. Parthian-Sassanian pottery in the east of Iran consists of prominent features that show transregional interactions along with the persistence of local traditions. The collection of pottery sherds newly found in the Neh plain and the Chaharfarsakh Valley of the Nehbandan county provide indicative properties of the traditional pottery styles in eastern Iran during the Parthian and Sassanian periods. Comparative study of the diagnostic Parthian-Sasanian potteries of Sisatn and southern Khorasan demonstrates a close relationship between the pottery traditions of these two regions. Accordingly, the materials wich used as temper and the style of decorations bear an equal resemblance. This resemblance can be detected also in the form of the ceramics from Nehbandan with those from the historical sites of Sistan. Moreover, almost all of the potteries were manufactured using the wheel and only the sherds belonged to the handles, lids, or spouts are handmade. The study of potteries from the Nehbandan county shows that the historical processes in the Parthian and Sassanian periods and passing important roads such as the ancient Khorasan–Sistan route through the region have had a profound impact on the making and processing methods in the manufacturing of the potteries. This study shows that some styles in the Nehbandan region have indigenous and local traits, following the common pottery patterns in the east of Iran. A considerable number of studied cases are influenced by the prevalent designs in Iran which are comparable to the Parthian–Sassanian cultural centres. This is understandable in the context of historical events and cultural trends during the Parthian–Sassanian period

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Pottery
• Parthian–Sassanian period
• Khorasan
• Sistan
• eastern Iran

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