نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری باستان شناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استاد گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

تقارن یک ابزار تحلیلی است که پیرامون شناخت روابط میان فرهنگی و مقایسۀ اشیاء هنری مورد استفاده قرارگرفته و از دهۀ 1900م. در علم باستان­ شناسی و با مطالعه بر سفال آغاز شده است. فرهنگ­ های متفاوت (ادوار تاریخی مختلف) اولویت­ ها و سلایق تقارنی متفاوتی دارند. تغییر فرهنگ در تغییر اولویت­ های تقارن و یا حضور نوع جدید الگوی تقارن منعکس می­ شود. هدف از این پژوهش، مطالعۀ تغییر و یا استمرار فرهنگ در ادوار تاریخی تمدن هیتیت بر اساس الگوی تقارن است. پژوهش حاضر با روش مبتنی بر مطالعۀ منابع مکتوب و بررسی مجسمه‌سازی و نقوش برجسته تمدن هیتیت با رویکرد ریاضی الگوی تقارن نشان می ­دهد که نخستین نشانه‌های به­ کارگیری تقارن در هنر نقش ­برجسته این تمدن، در دورۀ پادشاهی بزرگ هیتیت بوده است. در این دوره شاهد حضور انواع تقارن انتقالی، دورانی، بازتابی و دوطرفه در نقوش هستیم که به نظر می ­رسد کاملاً آگاهانه، غیر تصادفی و باهدف مشخصی به‌کار رفته‌اند. حضور نوع جدید الگوی تقارن در دورۀ هیتیت جدید احتمالاً نتیجۀ تغییر فرهنگ به­ دلایل تغییر شرایط زیست­ محیطی و یا الگوی استقراری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Study of Symmetrical Motifs and Patterns in the Hittite Bas-Reliefs

نویسندگان [English]

  • nushin kabutary 1
  • Alireza Hejebri Nobari 2

1 Ph. D Candidate, Department of Archaeology, University of Tarbiat Modares

2 Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Tarbiat Modares

چکیده [English]

Symmetry is an analytical tool, used in recognition of intercultural relations as well as artistic objects comparison. It was first appeared in archaeological research since 1900’s by studying the patterns that were depicted on the potteries. Various cultures (different historical periods) have various symmetry tastes. Some kinds of cultural changes are reflected in changes in symmetry preferences and/or in the presence of a new type of symmetrical pattern. The purpose of this research is to study the transformation or continuity of culture in historical periods of Hittite civilization based on the symmetrical pattern. The present research, based on the study of the written sources and the study of sculpture and bas-reliefs of the Hittite civilization regarding the mathematical nature of the symmetrical pattern, shows that the first signs of the use of symmetry in the art of this civilization have been introduced during the Great Hittite kingdom. In this period, there were various kinds of translation, Bi-lateral, Reflection, and Rotation symmetries in motifs, which seem to be rendered consciously, non-random and with a specific purposes. The presence of a new type of symmetry pattern during the Neo-Hittite period is likely to be as the result of a change in environment or the settlement pattern.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Symmetry
  • Cognition
  • Bas-Relief Art
  • Hittite Civilization
  • Cultural Change
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