نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه تاریخی، پژوهشکدۀ باستان‌شناسی، پژوهشگاه میراث‌فرهنگی و گردشگری، تهران، ایران (نویسندۀ مسئول).
2 پژوهشگر پسا دکتری، گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
استفاده از گاهنگاری مطلق با روش سالیابی رادیوکربن یا کربن 14در مطالعات باستان‌شناسی امروزی در جهان به‌طور چشمگیری متداول شده است. گورستان مرسین‌چال در روستای تلاجیم، شهرستان مهدی‌شهر، استان سمنان واقع شده است. تاکنون چهار فصل کاوش در این محوطه انجام گرفته و کاوشگران بر پایۀ یافته‌های حاصل از گورهای کاوش شده، تاریخ‌گذاری نسبی آن به اواخر هزارۀ اول پیش‌ازمیلاد پیشنهاد داده‌اند. این پژوهش دارای ماهیت بنیادی با رویکردی توصیفی-تحلیلی و روش گردآوری آن دارای دو بخش میدانی و آزمایشگاهی است. در مطالعات میدانی یافته‌های حاصل از کاوش مورد مستندنگاری و مطالعه قرارگرفتند و سپس نمونه‌های آزمایشگاهی انتخاب شدند. در مرحلۀ دوم برای تاریخ‌گذاری مطلق نمونه‌هایی از بقایای شش اسکلت انسانی از شش گور که در طول فصل چهارم کاوش گورستان مرسین‌چال کشف شده بودند، انتخاب شدند. این نمونه‌ها با استفاده از تکنیک‌های رادیوکربن (C14) و با استفاده از روش طیف‌سنجی جرمی شتاب‌دهندۀ (AMS)، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند؛ بنابراین هدف اصلی این پژوهش گاهنگاری مطلق گورستان مرسین‌چال و یافته‌های داخل گورهاست. پرسش‌های قابل طرح در این پژوهش عبارتنداز: گورستان مرسین‌چال مربوط به چه دوره‌های فرهنگی است؟ و شیوه‌های تدفین و نوع اشیای داخل گورها در دوره‌های به چه شکلی بوده است؟ و افراد دفن شده در این گورستان دارای چه نوع رژیم غذایی بودند؟ نتایج تاریخ‌گذاری نشان‌داد که این گورستان در بازۀ زمانی 409 تا 51 پ.م. هم‌زمان با ادوار هخامنشی، سلوکی و اشکانی مورداستفاده قرار گرفته و شیوه‌های تدفین و اشیای درون گورها در تمام این دوره‌ها ثابت مانده و تغییر چشمگیری در گذر زمان نداشته‌اند. بررسی ترکیب ایزوتوپی کربن (δ13C) و نیتروژن (δ15N) کلاژن این افراد با روش IRMS، بیانگر مصرف ترکیبی مواد غذایی گیاهی و حیوانی در رژیم غذایی افراد مورد مطالعه است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
AMS Radicarbon (C14) Dating of Human Skeletal Remains from the Mersinchal Cemetery, Semnan, Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammadreza Nemati 1
- Sahar Bakhtiari 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Historical Period Archaeology Iranian Center for Archaeological Research, Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism (RICHT), Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
2 Postdoctoral Researcher in Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Radiocarbon dating is a fundamental method employed in archaeological, historical, and paleographic research to determine the chronological framework of findings. This article discusses the results of radiocarbon dating analyses conducted on human remains recovered from six graves excavated during the fourth season of the Mersinchal Archaeological Project. The Mersinchal Cemetery is located in Telajim Village, Mehdi Shahar County, Semnan Province, Iran. Four seasons of archaeological excavations have been conducted at this site, leading to the proposal of a relative dating for the cemetery, attributed to the late first millennium BC, based on the analysis of the findings. This article adopts a research methodology that integrates both fieldwork and laboratory analysis. During the fieldwork phase, burial practices and graves Finds were carefully examined and systematically documented. Human samples were selected for further scientific analysis. In the laboratory phase, six human skeletal samples discovered during the fourth season of excavations at the Mersinchal cemetery were analyzed for absolute dating using radiocarbon (14C) techniques and employing the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) method. The main purpose of this article is to establish an absolute chronology for the Mersinchal cemetery and answer some fundamental questions, including: To which cultural periods does this cemetery belong? What do burial practices and the associated findings within the graves? And what insights can be gained about their diet? The radiocarbon dating results indicate that this cemetery was used between 409 BC to 51 BCE, corresponding to Achaemenid, Seleucid, and Parthian periods. Interestingly, the burial practices and objects inside the graves remained consistent throughout these periods, showing no significant change over time. The isotopic values of the individuals indicated that their diet, influenced by local agriculture, consisted of both C3 and C4 plants. Animal proteins, including meat and dairy products, were also included in the diet.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Central Plateau of Iran
- Mersinchal Cemetery
- Radiocarbon Date
- AMS
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