نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه باستان‌شناسی دانشگاه کمبریج، لندن، کمبریج، انگلستان (نویسندۀ مسئول).
2 دانشگاه کویمبرا، دانشگاه کالج لندن، دانشگاه کمبریج، انگلستان.
3 دانشگاه کویمبرا، دانشگاه کالج لندن، دانشگاه کمبریج، انگلستان
4 مدیریت باستان‌شناسی سلیمانیه، اقلیم کردستان، عراق، دانشگاه کالج لندن، دانشگاه کمبریج، انگلستان
چکیده
کانی‌شائی یکی از مهم‌ترین استقرارگاه‌های باستان‌شناسی مهم در استان سلیمانیۀ اقلیم کردستان عراق است. این مکان در مرکز درۀ بازیان واقع‌شده و در محور ارتباطی اصلی قرار دارد که شمال میان‌رودان را از طریق کرکوک به رشته‌کوه‌های زاگرس‌مرکزی در غرب ایران متصل می‌کند. دورۀ اصلی این محوطۀ باستانی به دورۀ مس‌وسنگ و اوایل دورۀ مفرغ (مفرغ قدیم)، از حدود ۶۰۰۰ تا ۲۰۰۰پ.م. برمی‌گردد. دوره‌های بعدی نیز به عصر مفرغ جدید، دورۀ آشور نو و دورۀ هلنیستی-پارتی مربوط می‌شود. در طول این هزاره‌ها، کانی‌شائی به‌عنوان یک مرکز مهم سکونت در درۀ بازیان شناخته می‌شد؛ هرچند که هرگز بیشتر از ۳ هکتار وسعت نداشت، سکونت در هر دوره نشان‌دهندۀ عملکرد این سکونتگاه به‌عنوان یک مرکز محلی بود که در شبکه‌های تبادل جنوب‌غرب آسیا ارتباط داشت. به‌همین‌دلیل، کانی‌شائی اهمیت ویژه‌ای در پیوند باستان‌شناسی غرب ایران و دنیای میان‌رودان دارد. در این پژوهش، نتایج کاوش‌های فصل ۲۰۲۴م. را ارائه می‌دهیم که در آن دو مجموعۀ معماری چشمگیر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اولین مجموعه به آغاز دورۀ مفرغ قدیم، حدود ۳۰۰۰پ.م.، پس از فروپاشی شبکۀ تبادل اوروک تعلق دارد. دومین مجموعه به دورۀ هلنیستی-پارتی مربوط می‌شود و احتمالاً با گسترش جنوبی پادشاهی آدیابنه مرتبط است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The 2024 Excavation Campaign at Kani Shaie: New Data on the Earliest Early Bronze Age and the Hellenistic-Parthian Occupations
نویسندگان [English]
- Steve Renette 1
- André Tomé 2
- Michael P. Lewis 3
- Zana Abdullkarim Qadir 4
1 Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Corresponding Author)
2 CEAACP - Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
3 CEAACP - Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
4 Slemani Directorate of Antiquities, Slemani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
چکیده [English]
Kani Shaie is an important archaeological site in the Sulaymaniyah Province of Iraqi Kurdistan. Sitting in the center of the Bazyan Valley, it is located on a major communication axis that connects northern Mesopotamia via Kirkuk with the central Zagros Mountains of western Iran. Its main occupation spans the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, from ca. 6000 to 2000 BCE. Later occupation of the Late Bronze Age, Neo-Assyrian period, and the Hellenistic-Parthian period is also well-represented in the lower mounded area of the site. Throughout these millennia, Kani Shaie was a major focus of settlement within the Bazyan Valley. While never reaching more than 3ha in size, occupation in each period attests to the settlement’s function as a local center that was connected within the exchange networks of southwest Asia. As such, Kani Shaie is of particular importance to connect the archaeology of western Iran with the Mesopotamian world. In this article, we present the excavation results of the 2024 season when two impressive architectural complexes were investigated. The first dating to the beginning of the Early Bronze Age, ca. 3000 BCE, in the aftermath of the collapse of the Uruk exchange network. The second belonging to the Hellenistic-Parthian period and likely connected to the southern expansion of the Adiabene kingdom.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Campaign Exploration 2024
- Kani Shah
- Early Bronze Age
- Hellenistic-Parthian
- Hellenistic
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