Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Ph.D. student of Archaeology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Archaeology Department of Cultural Heritage and Tourism Research Institute
Abstract
Tomb Street or Khiaban-Mazar in the Persian language is described as a complex where the tombs are located on either side of a passageway. "Khiaban-i Herat" (Herat Street) is also a cemetery with tombs along its main axis, and it is one of the most unique and ancient examples of Mazar Street in Khorasan. This article aims to examine the process of early developments in Khiaban-mazar-i Herat, study the evolution of Herat's urbanism development during the Mongol Ilkhanid era and compare it with the developments in Tabriz, the capital of Ilkhanid, analyze the similarities and differences between the developments in the two cities and finally examine the impacts that these urban changes have had on the Khiaban-mazar-i Herat expansion process. The research has been done by the historical-analytical method. This research shows that urbanism development in Herat had been very similar to Tabriz, in Herat, just like in Tabriz; the Mongols were extending the suburbs of the city and establishing commercial uses and aristocratic palace gardens. The process of expansion of Herat's suburbs was so widespread that, Herat's ruler, imitating the "Ghazani wall" in Tabriz, built a massive wall around Herat city to encompass all of its new suburbs. With the construction of this wall, Herat's Mazar Street was divided into two parts, North and South, and practically the south part of the wall within the boundary of the wall was separated from the cemetery and led to various uses in Herat.
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