Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Researcher in Iranian Center for Archaeological Research (ICAR)
2 Assistant Professor at the Research Institute for Conservation and Restoration of Historical Monuments, Research Institute for Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism.
Abstract
A castle is one of the types of architecture that has been the guarantor of the security of the human society based in it due to its enclosure. Although providing security is the main factor for the existence of castles, the dynamics of human societies gradually affected their nature and they became a material manifestation or a manifestation of the prevailing political and social conditions during their lifetime. With the formation of the governments, the castles became the residence of the political and military elites, and according to their function, they were responsible for the management of a part of the society around them. In 2019, an archeological survey was carried out in the two cities of Jovein and Joghtay in the northwestern part of Razavi Khorasan province. The result of this field search was the identification of sixteen castles that had not been introduced or studied before. In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, we tried to answer the questions regarding the typology, physical pattern, landscape, function and social status of castles. The result of this research is to identify and introduce four different types of plain castles and two types of mountain castles in the region, each of which has its own characteristics, function and social role based on the physical model. In terms of chronology, these castles belong to the Islamic era and are placed in the period from Ilkhanid to Qajar.
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