Journal of Archaeological Studies

Abstract This paper seeks to document the specific structural patterns of Bit Hilanis architecture which were in used in the ancient Near East from the second to the first millennium B.C. The recognition of Bit Hilanis architectural characteristics as well as their provenances and their spread from Anatoly to Palestine have always remained the important issues to be addressed by art historians and archaeologists. The main goal of this paper is to explain the architectural, religious and economic aspects of Bit Hilanis within the Anatolian cultural contexts and assess their cultural interactions with the adjacent areas. To do this we tried to provide a detailed characteristic of Bit Hilani’s architecture and their related arts as the basis to compare material remains from a group of Bit Hilanis. The comparisons were also developed through regarding the descriptions of Bit Hilanis by the different written sources as through which some parts of either the Bit Hilanis structures or their decoration details could be reconstructed.
 

Abstract The current article is a research on the classification of the potteries found from a scientific excavations of Jafar Abad Kurgans. Kurgans are kind of graves that are mostly unknown which were paid less attention than other sites in Iran. Research on the potteries that are found in the graves enable us to identify some aspects of cultures moreover gives us insight into thoughts, beliefs, faiths and daily life styles of people and tribes who made them.
Pottery art because of its plenitude and popularity in each region signify climatic characteristics and historical, economical, social, cultural and artistic characteristics those who have lived in the area. Forms, shapes, colors, patterns, decorations, construction techniques, heating methods that are used in the creation of the pottery vessels contain valuable concepts about different life styles and living conditions of the tribes and are considered as power of innovation of their makers after thousands of years.
Data on Jafar Abad Kurgans potteries, although a few of them have been explored, show nomadic lifestyles. The main goal of this article is to identify Kurgans Culture who built those Kurgans graves and put the items burried in them. Pottery items by far is the most abundant of the finds and their typology and chronology could be the most important archaeological evidences and documents.