Univarsity of Tehran Journal of Archaeological Studies 2251-9297 4 1 2012 08 22 Classification and typological study of Sasanian-Islamic potteries of Bishapour,Case study: materials from the 9th season of excavation. Classification and typological study of Sasanian-Islamic potteries of Bishapour,Case study: materials from the 9th season of excavation. 1 32 35374 10.22059/jarcs.2012.35374 FA Mosayyeb Amiri PhD Student, Department of Archaeology, Tarbiat Modares University Seyed Mehdi Mousavi Kouhpar Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Tarbiat Modares University Farhang Khademi Nadooshan Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, Tarbiat Modares University Journal Article 2011 10 04 Archaeological excavations at Bishapour have begun in 1921 by Asian department of Louver museum and then continued by Iranian archaeologists till 2009. The 9^th season of excavation at Bishapour was carried out by Mosayyeb Amiri in summer 2011 which have resulted most informative finds. As an important characteristic of the recent work was considering a new approach for documentation and reordering of data. The recent work was conducted on the part of the site known as monarchy citadel located in the south of mosaic hall. So, due to the importance of shard gathered from the last excavation, this paper will focus on classification and typological study of shards of the site.     Archaeological excavations at Bishapour have begun in 1921 by Asian department of Louver museum and then continued by Iranian archaeologists till 2009. The 9^th season of excavation at Bishapour was carried out by Mosayyeb Amiri in summer 2011 which have resulted most informative finds. As an important characteristic of the recent work was considering a new approach for documentation and reordering of data. The recent work was conducted on the part of the site known as monarchy citadel located in the south of mosaic hall. So, due to the importance of shard gathered from the last excavation, this paper will focus on classification and typological study of shards of the site.    

Univarsity of Tehran Journal of Archaeological Studies 2251-9297 4 1 2012 08 22 An Introduction to caves and rock shelters of Sonqor, Kermanshah Province, Iran An Introduction to caves and rock shelters of Sonqor, Kermanshah Province, Iran 33 58 35375 10.22059/jarcs.2012.35375 FA Amir Beshkani PH. D Candidate, Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran andUniversité Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense Mojgan Jayez PH. D in Archaeology, University of Tarbiat Modares Maryam Dehqan MA in Archaeology, University of Tehran Mana Jami Alahmadi PH. D Candidate, Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran and Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense Yadolah Heydari MA in Archaeology, University of Tehran Journal Article 2011 10 13 The research layout of surveying Sonqor’s caves and rock shelters has been presented according to the region’s importance in archeological studies, lack of documented data, and necessity of registering most monuments which have been less considered as a result of uneasy access. The need of this project is characterized with regard to former surveys which just considered registering the region’s plains. Sonqor’s caves and rock shelters were specified in this study in assisting of Kermanshah Cultural heritage organization, and necessary actions were taken to document its data. A total of 32 caves, rock shelters and 2 Paleolithic open sites have been acquired in this survey but only 13 of them had cultural material dispersion in front of the entrance. The registered caves and shelters can be divided in to three main groups: - Those caves and shelters, due to the quality and quantity of the collected artifacts, which, assessing their chronological periods is not possible. - Those caves and shelters which we can propose a likely chronology for them, based upon the collected artifacts. - And finally the caves and shelters which are dated partially according to the quality and quantity of their artifacts. Their importance will be more prominent because of the existence of cultural Paleolithic deposits in these sites. Anyhow, this study tries to consider the following aspects as well as aforesaid most important executive goals. 1-      Studying and presenting the chronological identified sites in comparison. 2-      Presenting the identified sites’ dispersion plan.       The research layout of surveying Sonqor’s caves and rock shelters has been presented according to the region’s importance in archeological studies, lack of documented data, and necessity of registering most monuments which have been less considered as a result of uneasy access. The need of this project is characterized with regard to former surveys which just considered registering the region’s plains. Sonqor’s caves and rock shelters were specified in this study in assisting of Kermanshah Cultural heritage organization, and necessary actions were taken to document its data. A total of 32 caves, rock shelters and 2 Paleolithic open sites have been acquired in this survey but only 13 of them had cultural material dispersion in front of the entrance. The registered caves and shelters can be divided in to three main groups: - Those caves and shelters, due to the quality and quantity of the collected artifacts, which, assessing their chronological periods is not possible. - Those caves and shelters which we can propose a likely chronology for them, based upon the collected artifacts. - And finally the caves and shelters which are dated partially according to the quality and quantity of their artifacts. Their importance will be more prominent because of the existence of cultural Paleolithic deposits in these sites. Anyhow, this study tries to consider the following aspects as well as aforesaid most important executive goals. 1-      Studying and presenting the chronological identified sites in comparison. 2-      Presenting the identified sites’ dispersion plan.      

Univarsity of Tehran Journal of Archaeological Studies 2251-9297 4 1 2012 08 22 Explaining Iranian north-west Kurgan's culture based on Nir Boyni Yoghun Castle excavation Explaining Iranian north-west Kurgan's culture based on Nir Boyni Yoghun Castle excavation 59 81 35376 10.22059/jarcs.2012.35376 FA Akbar Pourfaraj Assistant Professor, Allameh Tabatabaee University, Tehran Journal Article 2010 10 30 One of the most important archeological remains in the eastern part of north-west Iran is the existence of thousands of kurgan graves with a complex structure. Despite the lack of concurrent residential sites, it can be concluded from the structure and contents of safely discovered graves that there was a kind of society with chiefdom structure which were able to build such magnificent mausoleums. Their identity has not been illustrated up to now and their secrets have been obscured through the passing time. This paper explains the findings from one the kurgans in Nir Boyni Yoghun castle and analyzes them through comparisons with some similar sites.   One of the most important archeological remains in the eastern part of north-west Iran is the existence of thousands of kurgan graves with a complex structure. Despite the lack of concurrent residential sites, it can be concluded from the structure and contents of safely discovered graves that there was a kind of society with chiefdom structure which were able to build such magnificent mausoleums. Their identity has not been illustrated up to now and their secrets have been obscured through the passing time. This paper explains the findings from one the kurgans in Nir Boyni Yoghun castle and analyzes them through comparisons with some similar sites.  

Univarsity of Tehran Journal of Archaeological Studies 2251-9297 4 1 2012 08 22 Islamic pottery of ancient city of Jiroft Islamic pottery of ancient city of Jiroft 83 112 35377 10.22059/jarcs.2012.35377 FA Hamideh Choubak Director of Archaeological Excavation in Shahre Daqianus of Jiroft Journal Article 2010 11 16 The limit and definition of the cultural zone of Jazmurian in the southeastern Iran is identical with the geographical boundarise of Jazmurian basin and in geographical setting. The cultural zone of Jazmurian could be identified with the ancient Makan of Akadian period, Gedrosia and Achofadjia of historical period. The remains of ancient city of Jiroft during Islamic period at the Archeaological site of Shahre –e- Daqyanus with more than 12 sq. km have been identified. The city was a metropolitan with various quarters, squares, streets, four gates, market, mosque, different public bathes, mint, industrial quarter and workshops, kilns of pottery and cemetry. There is mass production of different types of Islamic Ceramics in Jiroft from 7^th – 13^th centuries. These types of ceramics have connection & similarity with other contemporary types in other cultural centers such as China, Oman and inside Iran Such as Nishapur, Suse, Kashan, Rey and Jurjan The prosperous and wealthy city of Jiroft was destroyed by the continoues attacks of Ghoz and finally was abandoned in the 7^th century (13^th A.D).     The limit and definition of the cultural zone of Jazmurian in the southeastern Iran is identical with the geographical boundarise of Jazmurian basin and in geographical setting. The cultural zone of Jazmurian could be identified with the ancient Makan of Akadian period, Gedrosia and Achofadjia of historical period. The remains of ancient city of Jiroft during Islamic period at the Archeaological site of Shahre –e- Daqyanus with more than 12 sq. km have been identified. The city was a metropolitan with various quarters, squares, streets, four gates, market, mosque, different public bathes, mint, industrial quarter and workshops, kilns of pottery and cemetry. There is mass production of different types of Islamic Ceramics in Jiroft from 7^th – 13^th centuries. These types of ceramics have connection & similarity with other contemporary types in other cultural centers such as China, Oman and inside Iran Such as Nishapur, Suse, Kashan, Rey and Jurjan The prosperous and wealthy city of Jiroft was destroyed by the continoues attacks of Ghoz and finally was abandoned in the 7^th century (13^th A.D).    

Univarsity of Tehran Journal of Archaeological Studies 2251-9297 4 1 2012 08 22 Introducing the large Chamber or Kurgans graves of Ardabil Province Introducing the large Chamber or Kurgans graves of Ardabil Province 113 130 35378 10.22059/jarcs.2012.35378 FA Morteza Hessari Assistant Professor Department of Archaeology, Art University of Isfehan Ahmad Ali Yari Institute of Archaeology, University of Tehran Journal Article 2011 05 10 This paper examines some of the results of the archaeological survey conducted in Ardabil Province in summer 2001. Ardabil Province is situated in northwest Iran and in the neighborhood of of Azerbaijan Republic. The survey of the surrounding area gives an account of the different graves. The greaves are characterized by simple grave; Megalithic graves with and without Stele and Kurgan mound. The large Megalithic are a form of graves with large stone structure, such as Gale Khosro and Shahrieri. The burial mounds or Kurgans are a form of monumental architecture found throughout Ardabil Province, in Meshkinshar, Idier and Gozalou near Parsabad. Most of the graves in Ardabil Province are dated to the late Chalcolithic -early Bronze Age to Iron Age.     This paper examines some of the results of the archaeological survey conducted in Ardabil Province in summer 2001. Ardabil Province is situated in northwest Iran and in the neighborhood of of Azerbaijan Republic. The survey of the surrounding area gives an account of the different graves. The greaves are characterized by simple grave; Megalithic graves with and without Stele and Kurgan mound. The large Megalithic are a form of graves with large stone structure, such as Gale Khosro and Shahrieri. The burial mounds or Kurgans are a form of monumental architecture found throughout Ardabil Province, in Meshkinshar, Idier and Gozalou near Parsabad. Most of the graves in Ardabil Province are dated to the late Chalcolithic -early Bronze Age to Iron Age.    

Univarsity of Tehran Journal of Archaeological Studies 2251-9297 4 1 2012 08 22 Early villages and prehistoric sites in the Abharroud Basin, North West of Iranian central plateau Early villages and prehistoric sites in the Abharroud Basin, North West of Iranian central plateau 131 154 35379 10.22059/jarcs.2012.35379 FA Shokouh Khosravi PH. D Candidate, Department of Archaeology, University of Tarbiat Modares Hamid Khatib Shahidi Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Tarbiat Modares Hamed Vahdatinasab Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Tarbiat Modares Sajjad Alibaigi PH. D Candidate, Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran Abolfazl Aali Iranian CHTO, Zanjan Journal Article 2010 07 27 The Abharroud basin is an important region in the archeological studies of northwestern outskirts of the central plateau, and west and northwest of Iran. Considering its environmental capabilities and geographical location, studying the region can leads us to a better understanding of regional relations and also inter-regional interaction between the mentioned cultural-geographical regions. However, archeological studies in the region have not been taken into consideration satisfactorily and we know very little about the early settlements and their nature in the region. The archeological survey in the Abharroud basin was carried out in two seasons in 2003 and 2005. During the survey 257 archeological sites and monuments were discovered, dating from lower Paleolithic to recent ages. Of these, 34 sites contained prehistoric remains. The study results indicate that most of the prehistoric settlements belong to the Chalcolithic period and, in contrary, the least show the Paleolithic and Neolithic evidence. Most of the identified sites are the remains of villages scattered in different areas of the basin, on the plain and also impassable heights. A preliminary study on the surface finds of these settlements suggests a close cultural relation between these settlements and the prehistoric cultures of the central plateau, west and northwest of Iran, from Neolithic to Bronze Age.         The Abharroud basin is an important region in the archeological studies of northwestern outskirts of the central plateau, and west and northwest of Iran. Considering its environmental capabilities and geographical location, studying the region can leads us to a better understanding of regional relations and also inter-regional interaction between the mentioned cultural-geographical regions. However, archeological studies in the region have not been taken into consideration satisfactorily and we know very little about the early settlements and their nature in the region. The archeological survey in the Abharroud basin was carried out in two seasons in 2003 and 2005. During the survey 257 archeological sites and monuments were discovered, dating from lower Paleolithic to recent ages. Of these, 34 sites contained prehistoric remains. The study results indicate that most of the prehistoric settlements belong to the Chalcolithic period and, in contrary, the least show the Paleolithic and Neolithic evidence. Most of the identified sites are the remains of villages scattered in different areas of the basin, on the plain and also impassable heights. A preliminary study on the surface finds of these settlements suggests a close cultural relation between these settlements and the prehistoric cultures of the central plateau, west and northwest of Iran, from Neolithic to Bronze Age.        

Univarsity of Tehran Journal of Archaeological Studies 2251-9297 4 1 2012 08 22 Large stone graves of Azerbaijan, according to new result of Zrdkhaneh study Large stone graves of Azerbaijan, according to new result of Zrdkhaneh study 155 174 35380 10.22059/jarcs.2012.35380 FA Mehdi Kazempour Ph.D Student Department of Archaeology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil, Ardabil Behrouz Omrani Iranian Archaeological Research Centre of ICHTO, Eastern Azerbaijan, Tabriz Reza Rezaloo Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil Journal Article 2011 04 22 The most important characteristics of the occupants of the second millennium BC in northern Iran and its adjacent regions such as the provinces of East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Azerbaijan Republic, Armenia and southern Russia, is the settlements containing castles with defense walls and huge stone graves as well using bronze artifacts and production of gray and buff polished pottery. The presence of a large number of Kurgan graves distributed on the wider areas of East Azerbaijan to southern Russia which often lack residential areas, have been the fundamental problems concerning architectural patterns of their culture. In this paper it is attempted through comparative study to represent the main features of the second millennium BC in Eastern Azerbaijan on the basis of zard khaneh excavation and nearby regions.     The most important characteristics of the occupants of the second millennium BC in northern Iran and its adjacent regions such as the provinces of East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Azerbaijan Republic, Armenia and southern Russia, is the settlements containing castles with defense walls and huge stone graves as well using bronze artifacts and production of gray and buff polished pottery. The presence of a large number of Kurgan graves distributed on the wider areas of East Azerbaijan to southern Russia which often lack residential areas, have been the fundamental problems concerning architectural patterns of their culture. In this paper it is attempted through comparative study to represent the main features of the second millennium BC in Eastern Azerbaijan on the basis of zard khaneh excavation and nearby regions.    

Univarsity of Tehran Journal of Archaeological Studies 2251-9297 4 1 2012 08 22 Eco-political interactions between Nishapour and its hinterlands during Sassanian period Eco-political interactions between Nishapour and its hinterlands during Sassanian period 175 202 35381 10.22059/jarcs.2012.35381 FA Meysam Labbaf-Khaniki Ph D Condidate in Historical Archaeology University of Tehran Journal Article 2010 09 02 In the face of strategic and geopolitical importance of Nishapur, this city was not much taken into consideration by the archeologists of the historic period. The analysis of the new findings of the ancient castle of Sasanian Nishapur as well as the identification of some Sasanian settlements in the plain of Nishapur can make it possible to re-configure the eco-political structures of the communities that populated this area of Iran to a large extent.  This paper assesses how the the interaction occurred between Nishapur and its hinterland by ceramic analysis in the framework of the quantitative models such as regression analysis and rank-size model. According to the historical records and archeological analysis, the magnitude of Nishapur's influence on its hinterland brings it to mind that the pattern of eco-political interaction in Nishapur's hinterland at the time of Sasaninas have resembled the core-periphery model.     In the face of strategic and geopolitical importance of Nishapur, this city was not much taken into consideration by the archeologists of the historic period. The analysis of the new findings of the ancient castle of Sasanian Nishapur as well as the identification of some Sasanian settlements in the plain of Nishapur can make it possible to re-configure the eco-political structures of the communities that populated this area of Iran to a large extent.  This paper assesses how the the interaction occurred between Nishapur and its hinterland by ceramic analysis in the framework of the quantitative models such as regression analysis and rank-size model. According to the historical records and archeological analysis, the magnitude of Nishapur's influence on its hinterland brings it to mind that the pattern of eco-political interaction in Nishapur's hinterland at the time of Sasaninas have resembled the core-periphery model.    

Univarsity of Tehran Journal of Archaeological Studies 2251-9297 4 1 2012 08 22 An archeoseismology approach for identifying historical earthquakes in Sialk Kashan, Iran An archeoseismology approach for identifying historical earthquakes in Sialk Kashan, Iran 203 220 35382 10.22059/jarcs.2012.35382 FA Masoud Mojarrab PH.D Candidate, Faculty of Mining Engineering, University of Tehran Hossain Me’marian Faculty of Mining Engineering, University of Tehran Mahdi Zare’ Associate Professor, International Seismological Engineering Research Centre Journal Article 2011 05 11 Historical earthquakes play a notable role in engineering seismology. The historical Kashan-Sialk region, 3 Km south of Kashan, was surveyed in the viewpoint of historical earthquakes events. Several devastating historical earthquakes, occurred in the BC time, identified based on archaeological studies and evidences gathered from field study. In this respect a variety of information, namely time of settlement evacuation due to a natural disaster, walls and roofs collapses, unusual positions of skeletons, cracks and fractures on bones and earth were investigated. Signs of destructions and archeoseismology evidences suggested that an earthquake, with a magnitude of about 7, completely destroyed the Sialk hill. Kashan fault was introduced as an active and causative fault for this event. Effective distance from source (mezoseismic radius of Ambraseys), was used for the events which no evidences were available for their estimation. An empirical magnitude-radius relation was calculated, using regression on Ambraseys historical earthquakes catalogue to assign minimum magnitude to historical seismic events. Finally, a seismicity catalogue for Sialk ancient region and the neighboring area was prepared.     Historical earthquakes play a notable role in engineering seismology. The historical Kashan-Sialk region, 3 Km south of Kashan, was surveyed in the viewpoint of historical earthquakes events. Several devastating historical earthquakes, occurred in the BC time, identified based on archaeological studies and evidences gathered from field study. In this respect a variety of information, namely time of settlement evacuation due to a natural disaster, walls and roofs collapses, unusual positions of skeletons, cracks and fractures on bones and earth were investigated. Signs of destructions and archeoseismology evidences suggested that an earthquake, with a magnitude of about 7, completely destroyed the Sialk hill. Kashan fault was introduced as an active and causative fault for this event. Effective distance from source (mezoseismic radius of Ambraseys), was used for the events which no evidences were available for their estimation. An empirical magnitude-radius relation was calculated, using regression on Ambraseys historical earthquakes catalogue to assign minimum magnitude to historical seismic events. Finally, a seismicity catalogue for Sialk ancient region and the neighboring area was prepared.    

Univarsity of Tehran Journal of Archaeological Studies 2251-9297 4 1 2012 08 22 A study on the historical shrine of Emamzadeh Aghil of Yasokand, Bijar A study on the historical shrine of Emamzadeh Aghil of Yasokand, Bijar 221 237 35383 10.22059/jarcs.2012.35383 FA Maryam Mohammadi PH. D Candidate, Department of Archaeology, Tarbiat Modares University Javad Neyestani Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Tarbiat Modares University Ali Reza Hojabri Nobari Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, Tarbiat Modares University Journal Article 2010 12 10 During the first Islamic centuries, Kurdistan is one of areas that there has been little information on architectural and monumental structure of this area. In such a situation, Imamzadeh Aghil monument can provide a valuable insight into the architectural patterns of the perion in the area. This monument is located in the middle of a major archaeological site and its architectural style and archaeological evidence wittneses that it may be built in the Seljuk period and is Comparable with Gonbad Alavian in Hamadan, Red Gonbad in Maragheh and the tomb of Pierre in Takestan. Despite of the destructions happened, this monument especially in terms of the construction and decoration still remains an important one although the information on grave owner is not revealed but according to the comparable monuments of this period it is possible to assign it to have been for a local rulers.     During the first Islamic centuries, Kurdistan is one of areas that there has been little information on architectural and monumental structure of this area. In such a situation, Imamzadeh Aghil monument can provide a valuable insight into the architectural patterns of the perion in the area. This monument is located in the middle of a major archaeological site and its architectural style and archaeological evidence wittneses that it may be built in the Seljuk period and is Comparable with Gonbad Alavian in Hamadan, Red Gonbad in Maragheh and the tomb of Pierre in Takestan. Despite of the destructions happened, this monument especially in terms of the construction and decoration still remains an important one although the information on grave owner is not revealed but according to the comparable monuments of this period it is possible to assign it to have been for a local rulers.    

Univarsity of Tehran Journal of Archaeological Studies 2251-9297 4 1 2012 08 22 Review and analysis of the banquet scene in the Elymais reliefs with the introduction of newly found relief of Sang-e Mahi Andyka – Masjedsoleyman Review and analysis of the banquet scene in the Elymais reliefs with the introduction of newly found relief of Sang-e Mahi Andyka – Masjedsoleyman 239 256 35384 10.22059/jarcs.2012.35384 FA Yaghoub Mohammadifar Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan Afrasiab Garavand MA student of Archaeology, Islamic Azad University (Abhar) Abass Motarjem Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan Journal Article 2011 12 26 Elymais regions include the elevated plains and valleys of Bakhtiary Mountains in east of Karun River and in fact it is the northeast of Khozestan province. Although the exact determining of the region extend is difficult but during its life the extend has changed in terms of the new conquests of parthians and some more or less important parts of Elymais were dominated by small neighboring states. In the Seleucids era and especially during the parthians era the regions which are now located in Ize, Shoshtar, Dezful, Ahvaz and even Susa were completely under influences of Elymaises. So far in the Elymais region some reliefs are discovered and introduced and every few years one or more samples are added to this category such as Sang-e Mahi relief in Andika region. The subject of this sample displays the war scene like other reliefs. So far the war scenes are not specially addressed, while the effect of this issue is absolutely obvious in the Elymais reliefs and Sasanian period. This issue is pointed in literature, poetries and stories. Besides introducing the new relief of Sang-e Mahi, some other reliefs displaying the war scenes of Elymais part are examined and the Elymais artistic relationship with Sasanian art will be discussed in this paper.   Elymais regions include the elevated plains and valleys of Bakhtiary Mountains in east of Karun River and in fact it is the northeast of Khozestan province. Although the exact determining of the region extend is difficult but during its life the extend has changed in terms of the new conquests of parthians and some more or less important parts of Elymais were dominated by small neighboring states. In the Seleucids era and especially during the parthians era the regions which are now located in Ize, Shoshtar, Dezful, Ahvaz and even Susa were completely under influences of Elymaises. So far in the Elymais region some reliefs are discovered and introduced and every few years one or more samples are added to this category such as Sang-e Mahi relief in Andika region. The subject of this sample displays the war scene like other reliefs. So far the war scenes are not specially addressed, while the effect of this issue is absolutely obvious in the Elymais reliefs and Sasanian period. This issue is pointed in literature, poetries and stories. Besides introducing the new relief of Sang-e Mahi, some other reliefs displaying the war scenes of Elymais part are examined and the Elymais artistic relationship with Sasanian art will be discussed in this paper.